First Aid: Seizures

A seizure results from a sudden rush of abnormal electrical signals in the brain. Symptoms may range from a minor daze to uncontrollable muscle spasms (convulsion). In some cases, the victim may even lose consciousness. A seizure can be caused by a high fever, head injury, drug reaction, or condition such as epilepsy.

1. Protect the Head

• Help the victim to the floor if he or she begins losing muscle control. Turn the person on his or her side to prevent choking.

• Protect the victim's head from injury by placing something soft, such as folded clothes, beneath it, and by moving objects away from the victim.

• DON'T cause injury by restraining the person or by placing anything in his or her mouth.

2.  Preserve Dignity

• Clear away bystanders.

• Reassure the victim, who may be confused, drowsy, or hostile when coming out of the seizure.

• Cover the person or provide dry clothes if muscle spasms have caused a loss of bladder control.

3. Check for Injury

• Make sure the victim's mental state has returned to normal. One way to do this is to ask the person his or her name, the year, and your location.

• Look for any injury to the mouth and head.

4. Call 911

• If the seizure lasts longer than 3 minutes

• If a second seizure occurs

• If the victim doesn’t regain consciousness

• If the victim is pregnant

• If the victim has no history of seizures